遗传与变异是生物的普遍特性常常听到人们这样说:“这姑娘长得和她妈妈一个样”,“这小孙子真像他爷爷”。是的,生物在传宗接代中总是按照自己的模式产生后代。俗话说:“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆,大象生小象,鸡蛋孵出来的是小鸡而决不是别的”,这就是遗传。所谓遗传,是指子代和亲代在形态结构和生理功能上的相似。人类不但正常体征可以一代代传递,甚 Genetics and mutations are universal characteristics of living creatures. People often hear people say, “This girl looks like her mother.” “This little grandson is really like his grandfather.” Yes, creatures always produce offspring according to their own patterns in the transmission. As the saying goes: “The seeds are melons, the beans are beans, the elephants are baby elephants, and the chickens hatch from the eggs are never the other”. This is the inheritance. The so-called heredity refers to the similarity in the morphological structure and physiological function between the offspring and the parent. Not only can normal signs pass from generation to generation, but