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“必要性检验”是WTO争端解决机构在审理案件过程中用来平衡贸易自由化与各国经济主权的一把标尺。这篇论文以“巴西轮胎案”为例,以批判视角剖析该案中对于GATT第20条(b)款下“必要性检验”的运用。本文认为,“巴西轮胎案”中的“必要性检验”之缺陷集中于对以下问题的分析:“措施对目标的贡献”、“替代措施的可用性”、“对相关事项的权衡”。这篇论文通过对这三个方面的逐一讨论,最后做出总结,指出了需要进一步反思的问题。
“Necessity Test ” is a measure used by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body to balance the trade liberalization with the economic sovereignty of all countries in the process of hearing cases. In this paper, the case of “Brazil Tire” is taken as an example to analyze the application of the “necessity test” under Article 20 (b) of the GATT from a critical perspective. This paper argues that the shortcomings of “necessity test ” in “Brazil tire ” are focused on the analysis of the following: “The contribution of measures to the target ”, “Availability of alternative measures Trade-offs on related issues. ” Through a discussion of each of these three aspects, this paper concludes with a conclusion and points out the issues that need further reflection.