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目的:了解当前我国汽车制造业的职业卫生现状,确定制造过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素及关键控制岗位,为该行业合理的职业卫生管理提供参考。方法:采取现场劳动卫生学调查和描述性流行病学研究相结合的方法。结果:汽车制造过程职业病危害较重的因素为:冲压车间的噪声和粉尘、焊接车间的电焊烟尘和噪声、总装和品检车间的噪声。作业人员应重点防护的职业病损包括:苯作业职业性急慢性苯中毒、焊工锰中毒、焊工尘肺、噪声作业工人职业性听损和噪声聋等。结论:企业应尽量采用自动化数控生产线作业,加强职业卫生管理工作,提高个人自我防护意识。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the status quo of occupational health in China’s automobile manufacturing industry, identify the main occupational hazards and key control positions in the manufacturing process, and provide reference for the occupational health management in the industry. METHODS: A combination of on-site labor hygiene surveys and descriptive epidemiological studies was used. Results: The factors causing serious occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing process are: noise and dust in press shop, welding fumes and noise in welding shop, noise in assembly shop and quarantine shop. Occupational injuries should focus on occupational injuries include: benzene occupational acute and chronic benzene poisoning, welders manganese poisoning, welders pneumoconiosis, occupational hearing loss noise workers and noise deaf. Conclusion: Enterprises should try to use automatic CNC production line operations, strengthen occupational health management, improve individual self-protection awareness.