北魏历史地理学家郦道元所撰写的《水经注》,是一部流传广、影响深远的历史地理经典著作。《水经注》在地理上的研究成果使后世兵家受益非浅。它不仅记载了大量的兵要地理资料,为后人研究地理环境、制定攻守方略、指挥作战提供了客观依据,而且更由于作者曾跟随北魏孝文帝拓跋宏南征北战,积累了比较丰富的军事知识和战争经验,使他在描述河川山岳、城邑道路时,常常联系这些地方自古以来发生的战争和自己的看法加以评述,精辟入里,令人叹服。如《水经注·河水注》对函谷关的地形是这样介绍和评价的:“历北出东崤,通谓之函谷关也。邃岸天高,空谷幽深,涧道之狭,车不方轨,号曰天险。……是以王元说隗嚣曰:请以一丸泥,东封函谷关,图王不成,其弊足霸矣。”语言生动,比喻妙至毫颠,函谷关的险要地形和军事地位一目了然。类似这样的描写,注文中还可见到许多,充分表现了作者的军事洞察力和文字感染力。从这个意义上说,《水经注》亦是一部极有影响的兵要地理著作。 Northern Wei history geographer Tao Daoyuan wrote “water by the note,” is a widely circulated, far-reaching historical geography classics. “Water by Note” in the geographical research results so that future generations of soldiers benefit greatly. It not only recorded a large number of soldiers to geography information, for future generations to study the geographical environment, the development of offensive and defensive strategies to provide an objective basis for command operations, and more because the author has followed the Northern Wei Xiaowen Di Tuoba Wang Hong Southern Campaign, and accumulated rich His military knowledge and experience of war have made him remarkably intriguing when it comes to describing the rivers and mountains, the cities of the cities, and often commenting on the wars and his own opinions that have taken place in these places from ancient times. Such as “water by the Note River water” on the topography of the Hokubu Guan introduction and evaluation of this: “Northern calendar out of the East, the pass that is known as the Valley off .There are deep sky, deep valleys, stream narrow, The car is not on the rails, the number of days of danger ... ... is based on Wang Yuan said 隗 din said: Please a pill of mud, the East sealed letters Gu Guan, Figure Wang fails, the disadvantages of hegemony. ”Vivid language, , Hokuriku’s terrain and military status at a glance. Similar to this description, the note can be seen many, fully demonstrated the author’s military insight and writing appeal. In this sense, “Shuijing Jing” is also a very influential soldier to the geographical work.