松下大三郎在《改選標準日本文法》中将授受动词的分类方法命名为利益态。利益态的作用是用来表示某个人的利益。根据动作者、利益者以及彼此的关系将利益态分为他行自利态、自行他利态和自行自利态。本文从这三个角度通过举例对授受动词进行细致分析,得出这三种状态在运用中的过程中会出现的语法和情感表达上的细微差别。 Matsushita Matsushita named the classification of the verb to be accepted as a state of interest in the “Selected Grammar of Japan”. The role of the state of interest is to represent one’s interests. The state of interest is divided into his own self-interest, self-interest and self-interest according to the actors, the interests and the relations with each other. Through the detailed analysis of the verb-given verbs from these three perspectives, this article draws the subtle differences in the grammar and emotional expression that these three states may encounter during their application.