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对于国有经济改革,即国有经济市场化的问题,目前经济学界大多数人的看法是,在国有经济的框架内,通过股份制等法人企业制度形式,对国有企业产权关系进行界定,即实现最终所有权和法人所有权的分离,国家拥有最终所有权、企业拥有法人所有权,从而实现全民所有企业经营机制的转换。仔细考察,这样的思路有两点不足:(1)搞活国有经济,着眼点不在于搞活国有资本,而是搞活国有企业。(2)一味强调强化企业的法人产权地位,而忽略了国有经济所有权改革问题,未能构造出适应于市场经济发展要求的国有资本所有权主体,从而未能形成有效的所有权约束机制。
For the reform of the state-owned economy, that is, the problem of the marketization of the state-owned economy, the current view of most people in the economic circle is that within the framework of the state-owned economy, through the joint-stock system and other forms of legal person and enterprise system, the ownership relationship of the state-owned enterprises is defined, ie, the ultimate ownership is achieved. With the separation of corporate ownership, the state owns ultimate ownership and the company owns corporate ownership, thereby realizing the transformation of the operating mechanism of the entire people-owned enterprise. Carefully examined, this line of thinking has two shortcomings: (1) Encouraging the state-owned economy is not focused on invigorating state-owned capital, but on invigorating state-owned enterprises. (2) Blindly emphasize the strengthening of corporate legal person’s status, while ignoring the reform of ownership of state-owned economy, failing to construct state-owned capital ownership subject to the requirements of market economy development, thus failing to form an effective ownership restraint mechanism.