宪法哲学是对宪法本性的探究,宪法本性又根源于人的本性。对人的本性的不同认识在西方产生了古今宪法哲学之分,这种区分最明显地体现在《理想国》和《利维坦》这两部伟大的作品之中。古典宪法哲学是探求有关宪法本性的整全知识,这种知识必然包含灵魂的知识,因为灵魂是人性中唯一向整全开放的部分,它比其他东西更接近整全。灵魂包括理性、激情与欲望三部分,这三部分之间的秩序安排构成了灵魂的宪法。当理性控制激情和欲望时,灵魂的宪法被认为是最正义的,这种正义也就是自然正义,它存在 Constitutional philosophy is to explore the nature of the constitution, the nature of the constitution is rooted in human nature. The different understanding of human nature led to the distinction between ancient and modern constitutional philosophy in the West. This distinction is most obviously manifested in two great works, “Republic of China” and “Leviathan”. Classical constitutional philosophy is the search for a complete knowledge of the nature of the constitution, which necessarily contains the knowledge of the soul, for the soul is the only part of humanity that is open to the whole and nearer to the rest than anything else. Soul includes three parts: reason, passion and desire. The order arrangement between these three parts constitutes the constitution of the soul. When the rational control of passion and desire, the constitution of the soul is considered the most just, this justice is natural justice, it exists