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目的分析2009-2015年五指山市手足口病的流行病学特征,为制定科学有效的防控措施提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法,对2009-2015年五指山市手足口病疫情资料及病原学监测资料进行分析。结果 2009-2015年共报告0-15岁儿童手足口病1 590例,年均发病率21.80/10万,男女比例为1.75∶1;发病主要集中在6岁以下年龄组,占95.80%;无重症和死亡病例;2011-2015年城镇儿童患病人数多于农村儿童。流行特点为8月份发病人数开始增多,10月份达高峰,次年2月份开始降低。病原学检测肠道病毒71型(EV71)阳性率为30.08%(77/256),科萨奇病毒A16型(Cox A16)阳性率为38.67%(99/256),其他肠道病毒阳性率为31.25%(80/256)。结论五指山地区手足口病的流行特征以6岁以下未入托儿童为主,男童好发,城镇多于农村,流行优势毒株因年度而异;持续开展健康教育宣传,加强监测、有效处理疫情是控制手足口病疫情的关键措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Wuzhishan from 2009 to 2015 and provide the basis for the establishment of scientific and effective prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data and etiological surveillance data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wuzhishan City from 2009 to 2015. Results A total of 1 590 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in children aged 0-15 years from 2009 to 2015, with an average annual rate of 21.80 / 100,000 and a male / female ratio of 1.75:1. The incidence was mainly in the age group of under 6 years old, accounting for 95.80% Severe cases and deaths. In 2011-2015, the prevalence of urban children was higher than that of rural children. The epidemic is characterized by an increase in the number of onset in August and a peak in October, beginning in February the following year. The positive rate of enterovirus 71 (EV71) was 30.08% (77/256), the positive rate of Cox A16 was 38.67% (99/256), the positive rate of other enteroviruses was 31.25% (80/256). Conclusions The prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wuzhishan area is dominated by children under 6 years of age who are not eligible for child care. Boys are predominant in urban areas, with more towns than in rural areas. Prevalences of epidemic strains vary with the year. Continuing health education campaigns, monitoring and effective treatment of outbreaks It is the key measure to control hand-foot-mouth disease epidemic.