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简要回顾了微生物对材料的腐蚀,列举了在石油、化工、电力、通讯及海洋工程中微生物腐蚀危害实例。指出参与腐蚀的菌有硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、硫化菌、铁细菌、粘液形成菌和真菌。以参与硫铁元素循环的微生物,尤其是SRB为最重要。它们通过阴极去极化,形成氧浓差电池、腐蚀性代谢产物和破环保护膜等机制导致腐蚀。微生物腐蚀造成的损失十分惊人,参照英国NCS研究结果估算,目前我国微生物腐蚀造成的损失至少年达22亿元。可通过创造不利于菌生长环境,防护层,阴极保护和投加杀菌剂方法对微生物腐蚀进行控制。
A brief review of microbial corrosion of materials is given, citing examples of microbial corrosion hazards in petroleum, chemical, power, communications and marine engineering. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), sulphurizing bacteria, iron bacteria, muco-forming bacteria and fungi were identified as participating bacteria. The most important are microorganisms that participate in the iron-sulfur cycle, especially SRB. They depolarize through the cathode, forming oxygen concentration cells, corrosive metabolites and broken ring protective film and other mechanisms lead to corrosion. Microbiological damage caused by a very alarming, with reference to the British NCS research estimates that the current loss of microbial corrosion caused by at least up to 2.2 billion. Microbial corrosion can be controlled by creating an environment that is detrimental to the growth of bacteria, a protective coating, cathodic protection, and the addition of fungicides.