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按照传统心理学的观点,只有人类才有思维和意识活动,因为思维是意识的核心,而意识必须以语言为中介。认知神经科学对失语症患者的研究发现,意识和思维并不完全依赖于语言,语言缺失只对扩展的意识产生影响,而对核心意识未造成损害。即使没有语言的参与,失语症患者仍然能够产生某种有表象的、非言语的意识活动。认知神经科学的研究向传统的心理学观点提出挑战:意识活动既统一又相对独立,并非只有人类才有意识,意识并非仅以语言为基础,并非脑的所有活动都与意识有关,很多脑活动都是无意识的。
According to the traditional psychology point of view, only human beings have the thinking and awareness activities, because thinking is the core of consciousness, and consciousness must be language intermediary. Cognitive neuroscience research on patients with aphasia found that awareness and thinking do not depend entirely on the language, language loss only affects the expansion of awareness, but did not cause damage to the core awareness. Even without language participation, aphasia patients are still able to produce some kind of phenomenal, non-verbal awareness. Cognitive neuroscience research challenges traditional psychology perspectives: Consciousness is both unified and relatively independent. It is not only human beings that are conscious but not that they are based solely on language. Not all activities of the brain are conscious, and many brain activities Are unconscious.