我国土壤地球化学特征受生物、气候、母质、地形及人为作用等因素影响，形成了我国独特的土壤地球化学类型和分布格局。不同地球化学类型，均有各自的元素丰度。土壤中元素与植物生长和人体健康的关系取决于土壤中元素的有效部分。影响土壤元素的有效性除受元素的赋存状态影响以外，还受ｐＨ、Ｅｈ和人为耕作施肥活动等因素的影响。根据土壤地球化学分布格局和类型，因地制宜、因土种植、合理施肥，对我国农业的持续发展有很大意义。 China’s geochemical characteristics of the soil by the biological, climate, parent material, topography and human factors such as the impact of the formation of China’s unique soil geochemical types and distribution patterns. Different geochemical types, have their own elemental abundance. The relationship between elements in the soil and plant growth and human health depends on the effective part of the elements in the soil. The effectiveness of affecting soil elements is influenced by the state of occurrence of the elements as well as by factors such as pH, Eh and manure-tillage fertilization. According to the geochemical distribution pattern and type of soil, according to local conditions, due to soil planting, fertilization, the sustainable development of agriculture of great significance.