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本文对比研究了国内外的原油蜡含量、沥青质含量和胶质含量的标准测定方法。分析了各标准方法在测试原理和方法步骤上的异同。研究发现,蜡含量的各标准测定方法在原理上一致,但在样品预处理、取样量、柱层析固定相材料、润湿剂、淋洗剂、淋洗温度、淋洗液处理方法、油蜡取样量、脱蜡剂、蜡组分的分离干燥等测试条件上有所不同;沥青质含量的各标准测定方法在原理上一致,但在样品预处理、取样量、正庚烷回流时间、沥青质的分离干燥等测试条件上有所不同;胶质含量的标准测定方法仅有SY/T7550。此外,还有一些未普遍应用的测试方法,如:用气相色谱测定原油中油质、胶沥和蜡质含量的方法,用示差扫描量热法测定原油中蜡含量、以及用紫外可见分光光度计测定原油中的沥青质含量,这些方法的可靠性还有待进一步研究。
In this paper, the standard methods for the determination of wax content, asphaltene content and gummy content of crude oil at home and abroad are comparatively studied. The similarities and differences between the standard methods in testing principle and method steps are analyzed. The study found that the wax content of the standard method of determination in principle the same, but in the sample pretreatment, sampling volume, column chromatography stationary phase material, wetting agent, eluent, rinse temperature, eluent processing method, oil Wax sampling amount, dewaxing agent, wax separation and drying of the test conditions vary; asphaltene content of the standard method of determination in principle the same, but in the sample preparation, sampling volume, n-heptane reflux time, Asphaltene separation and drying test conditions vary; the standard method of determination of colloidal content only SY / T7550. In addition, there are some non-commonly used test methods, such as: the determination of crude oil oil by gas chromatography, rubber leaching and wax content method, differential scanning calorimetry wax content determination of crude oil, and with UV-visible spectrophotometer Determination of the asphaltene content of crude oil, the reliability of these methods remains to be further studied.