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(一)什么是中央银行?中央银行是国家管理金融的最高机构。其职能主要体现在三个方面:一、作为国家的银行,负责制定和执行国家的货币政策,实施对金融业的监督和管理,控制货币流通和信用活动,经理国库,代理国家发行公债,掌握国家的黄金储备和外汇储备,并以此促进经济增长、充分就业和国际收支平稳。二、作为发行的银行,垄断货币的发行权。三、作为银行的银行,集中商业银行的准备金并对它们提供信用,作为最后贷款人。我国的中央银行是中国人民银行,从1984年专门行使中央银行的职能。
(A) What is a central bank? The central bank is the highest institution of state financial management. Its functions are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, as a national bank, responsible for the formulation and implementation of the state’s monetary policy, the implementation of the supervision and management of the financial industry, control of currency circulation and credit activities, managers treasury, national debt issuance agency, master National gold reserves and foreign exchange reserves, and thus promote economic growth, full employment and a stable international balance of payments. Second, as the issuing bank, Monopoly monies issue rights. Third, as a bank of banks, banks should concentrate their reserves and provide credit to them as the lender of last resort. Our country’s central bank is the People’s Bank of China, which specialized in the functions of the central bank from 1984.