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目的通过调查上海市浦东新区社区居民急性胃肠炎的发生现状、就诊情况及疾病负担,探讨其影响因素,为制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,于2014年4月2015年3月对1 872名浦东新区常住居民进行问卷调查。结果浦东新区急性胃肠炎的年发病率为0.20次/人年,办事人员的发病率要高于其他职业,家庭结构中有未成年人的患病率高于无未成年人的。80%的患者认为患病与不洁饮食有关。患者就诊率仅为16%,且就诊者均未进行粪检。患者用药率为60%,其中抗生素使用率为26.67%,0~17岁组和36~60岁组的抗生素使用率明显高于其他年龄组。症状持续时间平均为1.33 d,就诊者的平均花费明显高于未就诊者。结论要持续开展以人群为基础的调查监测工作,结合传统监测数据,掌握急性胃肠炎发病及疾病负担情况。根据结果评估当前管理措施,提出更有效预防措施。
Objective To investigate the status quo, treatment and burden of acute gastroenteritis in community residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, to explore the influencing factors and provide a scientific basis for the development of relevant preventive measures. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey on 1,872 permanent residents in Pudong New Area from April 2014 to March 2015. Results The annual incidence of acute gastroenteritis in Pudong New Area was 0.20 times per person. The incidence rate of office workers was higher than that of other occupations. The prevalence of minors in family structure was higher than that of non-minors. 80% of the patients think the disease is related to dirty food. The patient visit rate was only 16%, and none of the patients had any stool examination. The patient’s medication rate was 60%, of which antibiotic use rate was 26.67%. The antibiotic use rates in 0-17 and 36-60 years old groups were significantly higher than those in other age groups. The mean duration of symptoms was 1.33 days, and the average cost of treatment was significantly higher than that of non-attendants. Conclusion It is necessary to continue to carry out population-based surveys and monitoring work, combined with the traditional monitoring data to grasp the incidence of acute gastroenteritis and disease burden. Evaluate the current management measures based on the results and propose more effective preventive measures.