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本文是美国科学哲学家George F.Kneller所著《科学——人类的探求》(Science-The Human Endeavor,New York,1978)一书中的一章。这本书生动而通俗地介绍了科学的一般特征和一般发展规律,是一本富有特色的“科学概论”。本章则深入浅出地描述了本世纪从逻辑实证主义到波普尔、库恩的现代科学哲学发展概貌,包括作者自己对各个学派的评论,读之颇富情趣。这对我们研究辩证唯物主义的科学观和科学方法论,可能有所启迪。
This article is a chapter in the book Science-The Human Endeavor (New York, 1978) by American science philosopher George F. Kneller. This book vividly and informally introduces the general characteristics of science and the law of general development. It is a distinctive “Introduction to Science”. This chapter briefly describes the development of modern science philosophy from logical positivism to Popper and Kuhn in this century, including the author's own commentary on various schools, reading quite a lot of fun. This may be enlightening for us to study the scientific concept of dialectical materialism and scientific methodology.