目的本实验观察带血管腓骨复合异体骨重建节段性骨缺损动物模型建立。方法选52只新西兰大白兔,对18只成年新西兰大白兔在全麻下无菌取双侧兔胫骨,取下的兔胫骨无菌下反复冲洗、处理髓腔,再放入无菌容器内在-196℃液氮灭菌40 min,常温下复温,作为实验用兔异体骨。再对另外34只新西兰大白兔分批在全麻下行单侧兔胫骨人为制造骨缺损,骨缺损范围约为1.2~1.5 cm,再选取粗细、长度相同的兔异体胫骨复合兔自体带蒂腓骨瓣修复骨缺损,钢板固定,平均手术时间1.5 h。结果实验的34只兔术后单侧胫骨骨缺损用兔同种异体骨复合兔自体带蒂腓骨瓣修复骨缺损中,1只兔在术中麻醉意外死亡,1只在术后麻醉苏醒活动后出现肢体畸形,急查X线片显示:内固定断裂、骨头碎裂,对麻醉意外、内固定断裂、骨头碎裂的2只兔在实验中放弃。其余32只兔手术成功,术后复查X线片观察,兔胫骨骨缺损用兔同种异体骨复合兔自体带蒂腓骨瓣修复骨缺损后,有3只术后5个月复查X线片显示骨未愈合,其余29只骨完全愈合,愈合时间为平均4个月。结论兔胫骨、腓骨解剖结构和人类胫骨、腓骨解剖结构类似,兔适合行自体带蒂腓骨瓣移植,不用行腓骨瓣血管吻合,腓骨有丰富血供,能促进异体骨与宿主骨愈合,腓骨愈合后能提供中晚期力学支撑。临床用同种异体骨复合自体带血管腓骨移植修复大段骨缺损手术方案与此动物实验模型相对应,该模型的建立为临床手术提供了更有力的依据。 Objective To observe the animal model of segmental bone defect with vascular fibular allograft reconstructed. Methods Fifty-two New Zealand white rabbits were selected. Twenty-eight adult New Zealand white rabbits were aseptically treated with bilateral rabbit tibia under general anesthesia. The removed rabbit tibia was repeatedly washed under aseptic conditions, the medullary cavity was treated and placed in a sterile container. 196 ℃ liquid nitrogen sterilization 40 min, room temperature rewarming, as experimental rabbit allogeneic bone. Then another 34 New Zealand white rabbits in batches under artificial anesthesia unilateral rabbit tibial artificially create bone defects, bone defect range of about 1.2 ~ 1.5 cm, and then select the thickness and length of the rabbit tibial composite rabbit autologous pedicle fibular flap Repair bone defects, plate fixation, the average operation time 1.5 h. Results In the experiment, 34 rabbits with unilateral tibial allograft defects were treated with autologous pedicled fibular flap of rabbits with autologous pedicled fibular flap. One rabbit died of anesthesia during operation and one after anesthesia awakening Emergence of limb deformity, acute check X-ray showed: internal fixation fracture, bone fragmentation, anesthesia accidents, internal fixation fracture, bones of 2 rabbits in the experiment to give up. The remaining 32 rabbits were operated successfully. X-ray films were observed after operation. Rabbit tibial bone defects were repaired with autologous pedicled fibular flap with allograft rabbits. Three cases were examined by X-ray at 5 months after operation Bone did not heal, the remaining 29 bone completely healed, the healing time was an average of 4 months. Conclusions The anatomical structure of tibia and fibula in rabbits is similar to the anatomical structure of tibia and fibula in rabbits. The rabbits are suitable for transplanting autologous pedicle fibula graft without fibula flap anastomosis. The fibula has abundant blood supply, which can promote the healing of allogeneic bone and host fibula, After the late mechanical support can provide. The clinical protocol of clinical allograft bone autograft fibular graft to repair large bone defects corresponds with the experimental animal model. The establishment of this model provides a more powerful basis for clinical surgery.