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随着工业化、城市化的快速推进,农村剩余劳动力大规模向城市流动是各国工业化成长阶段面临的共同问题。山东、河南作为全国34个省、直辖市、自治区中前两位的人口大省,存在大量的农村剩余劳动力,且两省面积相仿,在研究农村劳动力转移这一课题上具有很大的可比性。本文以山东、河南两省为例,从转移地域类型、转移产业类型、转移人口类型、转移时间类型和转移收入5个方面比较分析了农村劳动力转移模式,并在此基础上构建了农村劳动力转移区域非均衡度指标体系,对山东、河南两个人口大省的农村劳动力转移区域非均衡性进行了定量分析,计算了两省农村劳动力转移非均衡度各指标的差异系数,说明了两省农村劳动力转移的非均衡性。然后从人力资本、市场化因素和城乡产业结构变动3个方面分析了农村劳动力转移区域非均衡性的形成机理,提出了农村劳动力转移对城乡协调发展的五种推力效应:人口分母推力效应、区域乘数推力效应、空间集聚推力效应、城乡互动推力效应、整体优化推力效应。最后构建了城乡发展协调度指标体系,并对山东、河南两省的城乡发展协调度进行了综合比较评估。
With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, the large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor to the cities is a common problem faced by various countries in their industrialization. Shandong and Henan, as the two most populous provinces in the 34 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, have a large number of rural surplus labor force. The two provinces share the same area and have great comparability in the research on rural labor force transfer. Taking Shandong and Henan Provinces as an example, this paper analyzes the mode of rural labor transfer from five aspects: the type of land transfer, the types of industries transferred, the type of population transferred, the type of transfer time and the transfer income. On this basis, the paper builds the model of rural labor transfer Regional non-equilibrium index system, quantitatively analyzed the imbalance of rural labor force transfer in Shandong and Henan provinces with large population, and calculated the coefficient of variation of each index of rural labor force transfer imbalance in the two provinces, Imbalance of labor transfer. Then from the three aspects of human capital, marketization factors and the changes of urban and rural industrial structure, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the imbalanced rural labor force transfer area and puts forward five thrust effects of the rural labor force transfer to the coordinated development of urban and rural areas: the thrust effect of population denominator, Multiplier thrust effect, spatial agglomeration thrust effect, urban-rural interaction thrust effect, and overall optimization of thrust effect. Finally, the index system of urban-rural development coordination is constructed, and a comprehensive comparative assessment is made on the coordination of urban-rural development in Shandong and Henan provinces.