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一范围和目的本文范围只限于由曹魏与起到西晋倾覆这一段时期玄学家的社会政治思想,不涉及魏晋玄学中的全部问题。本文目的在于说明以下两个问题;第一,魏晋玄学虽以老壮思想的面貌出现,但不能因此而简单地把它看作先秦老壮思想的再现。实际上它是在不背弃儒家封建伦理的基本观念的条件下,吸收了汉以来的名家、法家的学说,以老壮思想为标志的哲学思想。(东晋以后,社会经济、政治、文化各方面条件有极大的变化,在思想上又有佛教成分渗入,当另文说论。)第二,魏晋玄学表面上只谈些玄虚的抽象的理论,一向被误认为是逃避现实的、滑极的不涉世务的空论,这只是它的现象。本文着重指出魏晋玄学与当时现实政治的互相依附的关系及其玄虚理论的实际意义。
Scope and Purpose The scope of this article is limited to the sociopolitical ideas of the metaphysicians during the period from the Wei and Wei to the Western Jin Dynasty. It does not cover all the questions of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the following two questions. First, although metaphysics of Wei and Jin dynasties appeared in the face of Lao Zhuang’s thinking, it can not simply be regarded as a reproduction of Lao Zhuang’s thought. In fact, under the condition of not abandoning the basic concept of Confucian feudal ethics, it absorbed the famous Chinese and legalist theories since the Han Dynasty and the philosophical thought marked by the old and strong ideology. (After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, great changes have taken place in all aspects of social economy, politics and culture, and Buddhism has infiltrated in ideology, while others have said otherwise.) Second, the metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties only talked about the abstract Theory, which has always been mistaken for nothing but an empty slogan that escaped the reality and is not involved in world affairs, is just its phenomenon. This article points out the relationship between metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the actual politics of the time and the practical significance of its metaphysical theory.