《资本论》以商品开篇,但逻辑的起点应该是劳动。关于劳动的机制,《资本论》一方面发挥源于古代原子论的变形论,一方面借重黑格尔主义和基督教传统,特别是挪用历史久远的“道成肉身”或“化身”(Inkarnation)说。这两个方面构成了《资本论》学理上的基础。同时,《资本论》学理基础的两个方面并不协调,而且不乏神秘之处,但《资本论》并非哲学,其学理虽不融贯,二元的结构在把握现实问题而不是推阐哲理上却各有其用。 Capital begins with a product, but the logic begins with labor. With regard to the mechanism of labor, Capital, on the one hand, plays a role in the deformation theory that originated from the ancient atomic theory. On the one hand, it takes on the Hegelian and Christian traditions, and especially misappropriates the long-established “incarnation” or “incarnation” (Inkarnation) said. These two aspects constitute the theoretical foundation of “capitalism.” At the same time, the two aspects of the theoretical basis of Capital are not harmonious and there are some mysteries. However, “capitalism” is not philosophy. Although its theory is not coherent, the dual structure grasps the reality instead of deducing the philosophy But each has its own use.