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目的 探讨前方前牵引疗法治疗替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患儿的疗效。方法 选取口腔正畸科治疗的替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患儿80例，根据患儿家属要求分成观察组和对照组，每组40例。其中观察组行前方前牵引治疗，对照组在观察期间未进行治疗。观察组在治疗前后、对照组观察前后拍摄X射线头颅侧位片，测量上下颌骨水平及矢状向生长该变量的相关指标：上齿槽座（SNA）角、下齿槽座（SNB）角、ANB角（SAN角与SNA角之差）、面角（FH‐NP）、AH点到腭平面的垂直距离（FH‐PP）、上中切牙长轴与鼻根点至上齿槽座点连线的交角（U1／NA）、上中切牙切缘到鼻根点至上齿槽座点连线的距离（U1‐NA）、下中切牙的长轴与NB连线的交角（L1／NB）、下中切牙的长轴与NB连线的距离（L1‐NB）。结果 与对照组相比，观察组患儿的SNA角增大1．37°（ P＜0．05），SNB角减少1．80°，ANB角增大到3．39°（ P ＜ 0．05），FH‐NP、FH‐PP值变小（ P ＜0．05），U1／NA 增大2．13 mm ，U1‐NA增加3．03 mm（ P ＜0．05），L1／NB减少3．89°，L1‐NB减少0．86 mm（ P ＜0．05）。观察组下颌骨平均旋转量为0．82，而对照组下颌骨的平均旋转量为－0．66。结论 对观察组替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错牙合患儿行前方前牵引治疗后，患者的下颌骨发生顺时针旋转，上下颌关系更加协调，面部容貌较之前有很大改观。“,”Objective] To explore the efficacy of anterior traction therapy for osseous class Ⅲ malocclusion in chil‐dren at dental transitional period .[Methods] A total of 80 pediatric patients with osseous class Ⅲ malocclusion in dental transitional period at orthodontic department were chosen .According to the severity ,all patients were divided into treat‐ment group and control group with 40 patients in each group .The treatment group underwent anterior traction therapy , while the control group was not given any therapy during the observation .X‐ray lateral projection of cranium was per‐formed in treatment group and control group .The relevant indexes of variables at mandible plane and sagittal level inclu‐ding upper dental alveolus bed(SNA) angle ,bottom dental alveolus bed(SNB) angle ,ANB angle(the difference between SAN angle and SNA angle) ,face angle(FH‐NP) ,vertical distance between AH point and palatal plane(FH‐PP) ,cross angle of upper central incisor long axis to subspinale line(U1/NA) ,the distance between upper central incisor border and the line of nasal point to subspinale(U1‐NA) ,cross angle of long axis of inferior central incisor and NB line(L1/NB) and the distance of long axis of inferior central incisor and NB line(L1‐NB) were measured .[Results]Compared with the con‐trol group ,the SNA angle in treatment group was increased by 1 .370( P < 0 .05) ,and SNB angle was decreased by 1 .800 ,and ANB angle was increased to 3 .390( P <0 .05) ,but FH‐NP and FH‐PP were decreased( P <0 .05) ,and U1/NA was increased by 2 .13mm and increased to 3 .03mm( P<0 .05) ,and L1/NB was reduced by 3 .890 and reduced to 0 .86mm( P<0 .05) .The average amount of rotation of the treatment group and control group was 0 .82 and -0 .66 , respectively .[Conclusion] After anterior traction therapy for patients with osseous class Ⅲ malocclusion in dental transi‐tional period ,the mandible of patients has clockwise rotation ,and the maxillary mandibular relation is more concordant , and facial appearance is greatly improved than before .