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八股文,是明清科举考试的一种文体,也称制义、制艺、时文、八比文。八股文有固定格式,由破题、承题、起讲、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股八部分组成。自从被定为明清科举考试的“御用”行文格式后,关于八股文的争议就从来没有停止过。八股文就四书五经取题,格式要求严格,限定字数,观点必须与古代圣贤相同,完全限制了考生的自由发挥。知识分子认为它出题新意不足、形式死板,纷纷反对,八股文逐渐成为“僵化”“迂腐”的代名词。随着反对“八股取士”的呼声越来越高,不得已,清政府于光绪二十八年(1902年)宣布在科举考试中停用八股。但是,2014年9月新学期伊始,八股文却出现在了杭州高级中学的自编语文教材中。
The eight-part essay is a style of the imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is also called righteousness, art, time, and october. Eight shares of the text has a fixed format, from the title, title, starting, starting, starting stocks, shares, shares, beam shares composed of eight parts. Since being designated as the imperial exam of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the controversy over the eight-part essay has never stopped. The essay on the Four Books and Five Classics, the format is strict, limited number of words, point of view must be the same with the ancient sages, completely limits the candidates to play freely. Intellectuals think it is not enough new ideas, forms rigid, one after another opposition, the eight-legged essay has become a “rigid” “pedantic ” synonymous. With the rise of opposition to the “eight-figure winners”, the Qing government announced in the 28th year of the Guangxu reign (1902) that the eight-share withdrawal should be suspended in the imperial examinations. However, at the beginning of the new semester in September 2014, the eight-part essay appeared in the self-compiled Chinese textbooks of Hangzhou High School.