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东北铁线莲(Clematis manshurica Rupr.)为毛茛科铁线莲属植物,分布于我国东北、山西、山东、河北、内蒙古东部;朝鲜、俄罗斯远东地区也有分布,是临床常用中药威灵仙的主要基源之一,具有祛风湿、通经络之功效,用于风湿痹痛,肢体麻木,筋脉拘挛,屈伸不利。现代药理学研究表明该植物具有很好的抗炎、抗肿瘤活性。本文综述了铁线莲属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究。对东北铁线莲根及根茎60%乙醇提取物进行了系统的化学成分研究,并对东北铁线莲中分离得到的部分单体化合物进行了体外抗肿瘤活性研究。利用D101大孔吸附树脂柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、SephadexLH-20柱色谱及循环制备液相等多种色谱分离技术,从东北铁线莲的体积分数为60%的乙醇-水提取物中分离得到75个化合物,通过理化常数测定、波谱数据分析等方法,鉴定了全部结构。其中包括30个三萜及其苷元类化合物,14个酚类及其苷类化合物,1个木脂素类化合物,1个二苯乙烯类化合物,2个单萜及其苷类化合物,8个呋喃及内酯类化合物,4个脂肪酸类化合物,2个糖类化合物,3个甾体类化合物,10个生物碱及胺类化合物。新化合物12个,包括7个皂苷:clematomanshurica saponin F(1),clematomanshurica saponin G(2),clematomanshurica saponin H(3),clematomanshurica saponin Ⅰ(4),clematomanshurica saponin J(5),clematomanshurica saponin K(6),clematomanshurica saponin L(17);2 个酚苷:clemomandshuricoside D(31),manshuricaphenside A(33);1 个单萜苷:manshuricaterside A(48);2 个胺类:2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl icosanoate(73),2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyllinoleate(75)。新天然产物 6 个:2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl octanoate(68),2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl decanoate(69),2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl dodecanoate(70),2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl tetradecanoate(71),2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl hexadecanoate(72),2-(2-hydroxyethyl amino)ethyl icosanoate(74)。已知化合物分别为:raddeanoside 15(7),hederacolchiside E(8),huzhangoside B(9),cernousideA(10),saponinPJ3(11),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid(12),CP7a(13),CP7(14),CP4(15),CP2(16),kizutasaponin K10(18),kizutasaponin K12(19),leontoside D(20),ciwujianoside A(21),hederacolchiside F(22),3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 →4)-a-L-arabinopyranosy l hederagenin 28-0-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(24),cernuoside A(25),oleanolic acid(26),21a-hydroxyoleanolic acid(27),21β-hydroxyoleanolic acid(28),corosolic acid(29),tormentic acid(30),5-O-feruloyl-3-O-(^-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-ribono-γ-lactone(32),5-O-feruloyl-3-0-2-deoxy-D-ribono-y-lactone(34),ferulic acid(35),methyl ferulate(36),ethyl ferulate(37),isoferulic acid(38),methyl isoferulate(39),methyl ferulic acid(40),methyl 3,4-dimethoxy cinnamate(41),1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene(42),3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid(43),4-methoxybenzoic acid(44),asarinin(45),curcusinol(46),7-hydroxyterpineol(47),5R-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone(49),5R-dihydro-5-hydroxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone(50),5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(51),3-hydroxy butanolide(52),2-hydroxymethyl-D-ribono-y-lactone(53),dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-hyroxymethyl-2(3H)-furanone(54),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxymethyl-D-ribono-γ-lactone(55),anemonin(56),5-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid(57),methyl 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate(58),succinic acid(59),methyl docosanoate(60),rhamnose(61),glucose(62),β-stitosterol(63),stigmasterol(64),daucosterol(65),methyl pyroglutamate(66),methyl 7-methoxy-3-indolecarbonate(67)化合物 7,8,10,12,23-25,28-30,36,37,39-41,45-47,60,66 为首次从该属植物中分离得到。采用MTT法,对从东北铁线莲中分离得到的26个皂苷及苷元进行了体外肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性研究。结果显示:化合物5、6、12-17对人前列腺癌细胞株PC-3显示较强的生长抑制活性,其 GI50值分别为1.50、1.29、0.71、1.25、1.32、2.07、3.10、2.62 μM。其中化合物12活性最强。