Safety is the overriding goal of the entire society and the state.For successful functioning, correct formulation and effective achievement of the purposes,development of political strategy it is necessary to understand the mechanism of national security as a phenomenon, whereby theoretical aspects of the approach to the definition of national security receive a special significance.　　At this moment the current relations of the Russian Federation and Peoples Republic of China are, in the opinion of many researchers, at a high level, but this　　cooperation is not without drawbacks.The partnership of these States plays a huge　　role not only in terms of bilateral relations, but it has an impact on the system of international relations in general.In the given context, contemporary political　　processes and situation at the world stage, the topic of thesis is very relevant.　　This research is aimed to give a comprehensive analysis of national security concepts of Russian Federation and Peoples Republic of China and answer such questions as what are the main pillars of national security concepts of RF and PRC, do　　they have common points, what are the differences, what terms do these countries use to determine security, what is the level of understanding and perception of each others NSCs by these countries, what outcomes can it have for bilateral relations.　　Therefore this thesis gives an overview of theoretical aspects of national security concept, a look at the formation of NSCs in foreign countries, what influenced on this process.The next stage of analysis is devoted to detailed examination of national security concepts of Russian Federation and Peoples Republic of China, original documents on national security were reviewed and analyzed: documents that were used to understand national security of Russian Federation were viewed in its original language, in Russian; documents on national security concept of China were viewed in Chinese language, what gives an opportunity to see it more accurate and objective, to avoid the distortion of meaning because of language differences.Also the integral part of research is existing opinions in academic circles, namely, the way how Chinese researchers see NSC of Russia, how Russian academics view Chinese NSC,which allows to make a conclusion about level of understanding of each other.The last essential part of thesis gives results of comparative analysis.　　It can be concluded that the Russian Federation and Peoples Republic of China　　have much in common in their approaches to national security strategy, although there are some differences.Adequate perception of the existing similarities and specific features, will give an opportunity to bring the partnership of these countries to a new level, to make it more stable and predictable, and to avoid problems or to minimize the negative effects.