The Belt and Road Initiative（BRI）is a pragmatic and evolutive project which strives to create a network connecting China to Europe via a number of land and sea corridors.The land routes of the BRI start from Xi’an,capital of the Shaanxi Province in Eastern China,go through Russia,Central Asia and Eastern Europe in order to reach their final destinations in Western Europe.These routes are completed by sea routes starting from China’s southeastern ports and going through the south of India,East Africa,the Suez Canal,to reach Europe through the Mediterranean Sea.However,the project is not limited to Eurasia,as it also includes countries from Africa,the Middle East,Latin America,the South Pacific,as well as the Arctic region.As this ambitious project intends to spread across and beyond the continent,European countries must decide whether they will officially cooperate or not.In this respect,as one of Europe’s major actors,France’s government still has not made its decision clear,however,local French actors are already striving to take part in this project.Using an inductive theoretical approach together with the rational choice theory,this thesis intends to highlight the political and economic advantages and challenges faced by France and China regarding France’s potential participation in the Belt and Road Initiative.This question is of great interest as France will have to make a decision regarding this matter in the coming years.Knowing which advantages and challenges France will meet if it chooses to cooperate with China on this project will help us get an idea of France’s current situation and options,and understand its coming decision.A broader point of view on the European Union perspective will also be displayed as its support and opinion towards the BRI will be a major factor in the decision of France.