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张载认为,在真正的宗法制里,天地是父母,人人都是天子,君王与天下人是嫡庶关系。而习惯上的宗法制里,君被称作父,作为唯一的天子,上天有嫡而无庶,其实这不是宗法制了。然而,在张载的宗法制里,由于缺乏血缘上的先后顺序,所以他提出只有德性最高的那个人才可作为上天的嫡长子。仍然是因为缺乏作为纽带的血缘关系,张载提出了气论哲学,将天地万物统摄为一气,使得万物在本质上获得平等,我们不妨称这种关系为气缘关系,以此建构起的民胞物与的理想社会正是一个生而平等的人类共同体。
Zhang Zai believes that in a true patriarchal system, heaven and earth are parents, and everybody is an emperor. Monarchs and people in the world are patrician. The customary patriarchal system, the king is called the father, as the only emperor, God there is nothing, but this is not the case of patriarchal system. However, in Zhang Zai’s patriarchal system, because of a lack of consanguinity, he proposed that only the person with the highest moral character could be the eldest son of God. Still because of the lack of kinship as a link, Zhang Zai proposed the philosophy of qi and the unity of all things in heaven and earth so that all things are equal in nature. We may as well call this relationship a relationship between the gas and people The ideal society of cells and human beings is exactly a living and equal human community.