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them had a second MB canal．Most of the canal configuration of the MB root was of Vertucci type Ⅳ(42.7﹪)．In Chinese，Negroid and Caucasian maxillary molars the type Ⅱ is more prevalent．The type Ⅳ canal system in Mauritian maxillary first molar seems to be a trait in this population．In the MB root、Vith two separate canals at the apex(Type Ⅳ，Ⅴ，Ⅵ，Ⅶ，3-2)，the mean distance between the MBl and MB2 was 2.05 mm．The mean length for the MB2 callal was 1.7 mm shorter than the MB1 in maxillary first molars from Mauritius．In the MB root where two canals ioined to form one canal before exiting at the apex(Type Ⅱ，Ⅲ，1-3-1，3-1)，the mean distance from the anatomic apex to the point where the MB1 and MB2 joined Was 3.90 mm． There were some differences in size and canal anatomy of Mauritian maxillary first molar compared to maxillary first molars from different countries．The data collected in this thesis may help clinicians in Mauritius during RCT of the maxillary first molar．