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一般认为文化有广义和狭义之分。广义的文化,是指人类在社会历史实践过程中所创造的全部物质财富和精神财富,狭义的文化,是指社会意识形态或称精神形式的总和。民族学所研究的文化是指物质文化、精神文化和社会文化。物质文化和精神文化,学术界比较熟悉。社会文化一般认为主要指社会制度、社会组织和生产关系等等。
It is generally believed that culture has a broad sense and a narrow sense. Broad culture refers to all the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by mankind in the social and historical practice. Narrow culture refers to the sum of social ideology or spiritual form. Ethnology studies the culture refers to the material culture, spiritual culture and social culture. Material culture and spiritual culture, academia are more familiar. Social culture is generally believed that mainly refers to the social system, social organization and production relations and so on.