Coxsackievirus B type 3 (CVB3) is one of the main pathogens of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.MicroRNA is a class of short noncoding RNA which can post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression.By comparing the sequences of CVB3 genome and miR-342-5p, we found that there were potential targets of miR-342-5p in the CVB3 genome.In HeLa cells infected with RLuc-CVB3, a CVB3 variant which expresses Renilla luciferase (RLuc), miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit RLuc expression while miR-mock and other 5 miRNAs could not.In HeLa cells infected with EGFP-CVB3, a CVB3 variant which expresses EGFP, the EGFP expression was significantly inhibited by miR-342-5p.