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主权是现代民族国家在国际法上所固有的处理其对内对外事务的权力,也是现代民族国家的固有属性。它标志着一国在国际法上的根本地位:不享有主权资格,就不能构成一个现代意义上的民族主权国家,也就不享有国际法所规范的现代国际社会的完全成员资格。主权是现代民族国家以及由其所构成的国际体系得以存在和良好运转的前提与基础。然而,对于晚清时期的中国人而言,主权是一个令人困惑的问题:西方列强主导的国际社会不仅用“力的支配原则”树立主权概念的典范,还以"法的支配原
Sovereignty is the inherent power of the modern nation state to handle its internal and external affairs in international law. It is also the inherent attribute of the modern nation-state. It marks the basic position of a country in international law: if it does not enjoy sovereign qualifications, it can not constitute a national sovereignty in the modern sense and will not enjoy the full membership of the modern international community regulated by international law. Sovereignty is the precondition and foundation for the existence and good functioning of the modern nation-state and the international system that it comprises. However, for the Chinese in the late Qing period, sovereignty was a puzzling question: the international community led by the Western powers not only set an example of the concept of sovereignty with the principle of dominance, but also dominates the law original