Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene signaling pathways, especially JA signaling, have been reported to play important roles in regulating herbivore-induced plant direct and indirect defense responses in many plant species.In rice, it has been observed that infestation by herbivores, including chewing and piercing/sucking insects, dramatically increases levels of JA, SA and ethylene in plants.However, whether these signaling pathways are involved in rice defense responses remains largely unknown.Using an Agrobacterium-based transformation system, we obtained several rice mutants that are, respectively, related to JA, SA and ethylene signaling pathways, such as as-lox, as-ics, as-acs, as-pld, and so on.By comparing the difference in defense chemicals and plant herbivore resistance between mutants and WT plants when they were infested by chewing or piercing/sucking herbivores, we found that rices direct defense to chewing herbivores was mainly modulated by JA and ethylene signaling pathways, whereas rice direct defense to piercing/sucking herbivores were largely mediated by SA, H2O2 and ethylene pathways.Moreover, rice indirect defense to chewing and piercing/sucking herbivores was mainly shaped by ethylene signaling.These findings provide new insights into herbivore-induced plant defense responses.