The composition of municipal solid waste(MSW)including water content,cellulose content,organic ingredients,etc were examined.Through to the municipal organic waste anaerobic digestion experiment,analysis the characteristics of anaerobic acidification bacteria,ammonifying bacteria,cellulose degradation bacteria and methane bacteria along with time and spatial distribution,and analysis the function between microbial community and the relationship of the metabolites.The results show that in the early period of municipal waste anaerobic fermentation,large amounts of oxygen exist in the reactor,aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria proliferate,it is the main groups of raw material transforminto organic matter.Along with the formation of the anaerobic environment and rich nutrients,the number of anaerobic bacteria began to rise.Theanaerobic acidification bacteria prior to reach maximum than ammonification bacteria and occupy the dominant position.