Aim: To explore the current thinking in China concerning challenges and potential solutions to promote best practices in paediatric clinical trials and increase participation.Methods: Two sets of online questionnaires related to paediatric clinical trials were developed targeting,respectively,hospital and industry environments.The links to the surveys were distributed in China to professionals working in hospitals,and in pharmaceutical industry.For professionals from hospitals with experience in clinical trials,questions concerning informed consent,and self-assessment of protocol compliance were asked.Results: We received 503 responses from persons working in hospitals and 165 responses from persons working in pharmaceutical industry.Ninety percent of the respondents from hospital expressed interest in joining a paediatric research network.The most prominent restraining factors were subject recruitment and informed consent.The barriers to better practices of investigators were identified and the commonest was insufficient time.Both groups felt that incentives for the enterprise,policies on subject protection,and improvement of guidelines would contribute to improved situation.Conclusion: Standardization of ethics committees should be strengthened,as well as training and technical support.Creation of a dedicated clinical trial network would assist in promoting paediatric clinical studies and research capacity building.