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With the increasing of aging population in the world,functional textiles become more and more important for healthcare and biomedical applications.To meet the increasing demand in the society,textile biomedical engineering(TBE)aims to develop a holistic and integrative approach of designing and engineering textile devices to meet the biomedical and healthcare needs by providing various functions such as drug delivery,tissue engineering and artificial implants,temperature and pressure therapy,bioelectric/magnetic detection and stimulation for the health and recovery of human body.TBE is experimental in nature and needs extensive multi-disciplinary collaborations among the experts in medical professionals,physiologists and designers,scientists and engineers in textile and clothing industry.Design and engineer of functional textiles for biomedical applications involve the integration of the fundamental research in physical,chemical,mathematical,and computational sciences with the development of engineering principles with sound understanding on the relationship between textiles and human biology,medicine,behavior and health.Fundamental concepts need to be advanced together with creating new knowledge from molecules to body-textile systems,and developing innovative materials,devices,and apparel products for healthy lifestyles with the functions of comfort,protection,prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of disease and healthcare.A systematic,quantitative and integrative way needs being adopted for approaching the solutions of how fibers and textiles can be engineered to the benefits of biology,physiology,medicine,behavior and health of human populations.This paper reviews the theoretical foundations of functional textiles for biomedical engineering.