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The literature on the effects of built environment on metro ridership is well established.However,most existing studies focus on average daily or hourly ridership,thereby disregarding the temporal variations in the effects of built environment.Temporal dimension is related to the effects of built environment on travel behavior because of time-dependent ridership.In this study,the time-dependent effects of built environment on metro ridership at the station level are investigated using ridership data from the Beijing subway.Daily and hourly metro ridership information are aggregated at the station level using the smart card data,and the built environment variables are measured based on land use data.Results show that significant time-dependent effects of built environment on metro ridership occur.This study aims to provide urban planners and policymakers a good understanding of the relationship between metro ridership and land use.