稻曲病菌侵染水稻花器的分子机理初探

来源 :中国植物病理学会2014年学术年会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:skyforce2008
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  稻曲病近年来在我国多个水稻产区已逐渐上升为主要病害,认识与防控稻曲病对国家粮食生产安全十分重要。稻曲病的突出特征是稻曲病菌特异性侵染水稻颖花形成体积数倍于稻粒的稻曲球,然而目前国内外对该过程的内在机理仍不清楚。由于稻曲病菌侵染进程会因水稻材料及环境条件的差异而改变,因此,我们结合显微镜和转录组学技术探索了稻曲病菌侵染水稻花器的分子机理。结果显示,在我们的实验条件下,用感病材料蒲江6号人工接种稻曲病菌5天后,病原菌菌丝在水稻颖壳表面蔓延生长,此时大量水稻防御相关基因被抑制表达。接种后9天左右,菌丝侵染水稻花丝并延伸至颖花内部各个花器官,此时与开颖相关的转录因子ARF6,ARF8和MYB21的转录水平明显下调,感病颖花不能完成开花过程。在发病后期(约接种后17天),病原菌包裹整个花器形成球状菌丝体,感病颖花中的子房受精发育过程被阻断、不能灌浆形成成熟种子;然而,转录组数据表明一系列与水稻灌浆相关的基因被激活,如种子储存蛋白基因、淀粉合成相关基因、胚乳特异性转录因子等,其转录本在感病颖花中大量积累且高于对照(已开花受精颖花)。此外,我们通过转录组测序和荧光定量PCR鉴定了一批稻曲病菌候选效应蛋白基因,这些基因的表达具有侵染阶段特异性,可能参与上述侵染过程。综上所述,稻曲病菌成功侵染水稻花器的策略可能是:通过分泌特定效应蛋白抑制水稻免疫反应和颖花开放,从而获得适宜的定殖场所;然后,劫持水稻种子发育中的灌浆系统,从而摄取充足营养供菌丝生长及稻曲球的形成。
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