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目的:探讨儿童自我意识与抑郁的关系,为儿童心理健康教育提供理论和实践依据。方法:整群抽取某市小学、初中各1所学校,共873名8～16岁中小学生,采用抑郁量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表进行问卷调查。结果:抑郁检出率为33.90%。初中生抑郁的检出率高于小学生,抑郁儿童自我意识各因子得分均显著低于非抑郁儿童的得分,自我意识水平越低抑郁症状的检出率越高。通过Logistic回归分析发现,行为问题、有焦虑感、幸福与满足感缺乏的儿童出现抑郁症状的可能性大。结论:某市中小学生抑郁症状检出率较高,自我意识对抑郁有预测作用,自我意识偏低易导致个体抑郁情绪。
Objective: To explore the relationship between children’s self-awareness and depression, and to provide theoretical and practical basis for children’s mental health education. Methods: A total of 873 primary and middle school students aged 8-16 years from 1 primary school and one junior high school in a city were enrolled in this study. The depression scale and Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Consciousness Scale were used for questionnaire survey. Results: The detection rate of depression was 33.90%. The detection rate of depression in junior high school students was higher than that of primary school students. The self-awareness scores of depression children were significantly lower than those of non-depression children. The lower the level of self-awareness was, the higher the detection rate of depression symptoms was. Logistic regression analysis found that children with behavioral problems, anxiety, happiness and satisfaction were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in primary and secondary school students in a city is high, self-awareness has a predictive value on depression, and low self-awareness tends to lead to depression.