父母本籼粳成分对北方杂交粳稻产量和米质的量化关系

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对于北方偏粳型杂交稻而言,在亲本中引入了籼性血缘,杂种优势增强,表现出如高秆、大穗等强大的生物优势;但后期由于抗寒性差,造成结实率低,产量潜势并不能充分发挥,米质差本文以北方杂交粳稻骨干亲本及其组合为材料,采用程氏指数法和SSR分子标记法,对亲本籼粳成分与杂种产量和米质性状的关系进行了研究.结果表明:杂交粳稻骨干亲本的程氏指数在13.5~ 19.3之间,偏籼系数在0.12~0.38之间,采用程氏指数和分子标记法对亲本进行籼粳分类的结果并不完全一致;父本程氏指数与杂种优势和杂种性状的相关性强于母本,而对于偏籼系数则相反;亲本程氏指数差异与杂种优势和杂种性状的相关性强于分子标记差异;亲本籼粳成分及其差异与多数杂种性状和杂种优势呈明显的二次曲线关系,存在临界极值;亲本籼粳成分及其差异与杂种产量性状和米质性状的相关性相反.因此,父母本籼粳成分适度搭配是实现北方偏粳型杂交稻高产优质和高效的根本点.
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