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目的了解广州市健康村居民健康知识、行为和技能现况及其影响因素,指导健康村创建工作。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,从广州市5个健康村抽取482名居民进行问卷调查。结果广州市健康村居民总体健康知识知晓率、行为形成率、技能掌握率分别为83.3%、71.7%和71.6%。其中健康知识、行为和技能总得分高分组261人(54.1%)。Logistic回归分析显示,性别、文化程度、职业和每周运动情况对调查人群健康知识、行为和技能总得分的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性高分比例大于女性(OR=2.006,95%CI:1.320~3.048);文化程度越高,高分比例越大(OR=1.851,95%CI:1.482~2.311);与务农相比,工厂工人和事业单位人员的高分比例大(OR值分别为7.659和4.917,95%CI分别为2.381~24.643和1.143~21.153);每周运动3次及以上的人群的高分比例大于运动不足3次的人群(OR=1.796,95%CI:1.166~2.767)。答对率最高的是传染病预防类的知识、行为和技能,平均答对率88.1%;慢性病防治类与基本医疗类的知识、行为和技能答对率偏低,平均答对率分别为67.5%和61.6%。结论广州市健康村居民健康知识和行为总体水平达到国家相关要求,但与广州市健康村的创建目标有一定差距。
Objective To understand the status quo of health knowledge, behavior and skills among health villages in Guangzhou and its influencing factors, and to guide the creation of health villages. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to survey 482 residents from 5 healthy villages in Guangzhou. Results The health awareness rate, behavioral rate and skills mastery rate of health village residents in Guangzhou were 83.3%, 71.7% and 71.6% respectively. Among them, 261 (54.1%) were high scores of health knowledge, behavior and skills. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, educational level, occupation and weekly exercise status had statistically significant influence on the total health knowledge, behavior and skill scores of the surveyed population (P <0.05). (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.320-3.048). The higher the educational level, the higher the proportion of high scores (OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.482-2.311) Workers and institutions staff had a high score (OR = 7.659 and 4.917, respectively, 95% CI: 2.381-24.643 and 1.143-21.153, respectively); scores of people with 3 or more exercise cycles per week were higher than those with less than 3 movements (OR = 1.796, 95% CI: 1.166 ~ 2.767). The highest correct rate was the knowledge, behavior and skills of the prevention of infectious diseases, with an average rate of 88.1%. The response rate of knowledge, behaviors and skills of chronic disease prevention and basic medical care was low, with the average correct answer rates of 67.5% and 61.6% . Conclusion The overall health knowledge and behavior of health village residents in Guangzhou meet the requirements of the state, but there is a certain gap with the goal of health village in Guangzhou City.