前言唐代元稹和白居易的好友李建,一直是个令我着迷的人物。~([1])我最早是在白居易写的《有唐善人墓碑》中,读到李建的生平事迹。白居易特别把李建一生几乎所有官历,分成五大类:官、职、阶、勋、爵,一一归类详列。我觉得这是研究唐代官制一条非常珍贵的材料,因为白居易在这里清楚地告诉我们,唐人有“官”和“职”的不同观念。官是官,职是职,两者并不相混,但现代学者对这个重要差别已经不甚了了。所以,我在《唐代基层文官》和《唐代中层文官》两书中对“官”和“职”的差别有所论析。后来,我 Preface The Tang Dynasty Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi’s friend Li Jian, has been a mesmerizing person. ~ ([1]) I was first in Bai Juyi wrote “Tangshan tombstone”, read Li Jian’s life story. In particular, Bai lived almost all of Li Jian’s official life, divided into five categories: officer, post, order, Hsun, one by one classified detailed. I think this is a very precious material for studying the official system of the Tang Dynasty, because Bai Juyi clearly tells us here that the Tang people have different concepts of “official” and “office”. Officers are officials and occupations are posts, and the two are not interdependent. However, modern scholars have gone missing about this important difference. Therefore, I have analyzed the differences between “official” and “official” in two books: “grassroots civil servants in the Tang Dynasty” and “medium civil servants in the Tang Dynasty”. Later, me